H.R. 151 — Equal Representation Act of 2025

This section requires the Secretary, in conducting the 2030 decennial census and each decennial census thereafter, to include in any questionnaire used to determine total state population a checkbox or similar option for respondents to indicate U.S. citizenship status for themselves and each household member. It further requires the Secretary to make publicly available, not later than 120 days after census completion, the number of individuals per state disaggregated by citizens and noncitizens.

This section amends the statutory formula for apportioning House seats among the states (2 U.S.C. 2a(a)) to exclude from the population count, in addition to Indians not taxed, individuals who are not citizens of the United States, effective for apportionments based on the 2030 decennial census and subsequent censuses. (Thus, this change also reduces the number of a state's electoral votes, which equal its total number of Representatives plus two Senators, for any state with noncitizen residents.)

This section establishes a severability clause, stating that if any provision of the Act or its amendments, or its application to any person or circumstance, is held unconstitutional, the remainder of the Act and its amendments, and their application to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected.