H.R. 1576 — Protecting American Agriculture from Foreign Adversaries Act of 2025

This section (1) designates the Secretary of Agriculture as a member of the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) for covered transactions (i.e., foreign investments potentially affecting national security) involving agricultural land, agricultural biotechnology, or the agriculture industry (including agricultural transportation, storage, and processing); and (2) requires CFIUS, upon notification from the Secretary of Agriculture of a reportable agricultural land transaction, to determine whether the transaction is covered and whether to initiate review or other action. A reportable agricultural land transaction is the acquisition of an interest in U.S. agricultural land by a foreign person from China, North Korea, Russia, or Iran that is required to be reported under the Agricultural Foreign Investment Disclosure Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), with the requirement sunsetting for each country upon its removal from the list of foreign adversaries (15 C.F.R. § 791.4). (As background, CFIUS reviews foreign acquisitions of U.S. businesses and certain real estate for national security risks; thus, these changes expand agricultural expertise on the committee and prioritize review of adversary purchases of farmland.)