H.R. 1723 — Tribal Labor Sovereignty Act of 2025

This section expands the exclusions from the definition of "employer" under the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA)—which governs collective bargaining and unfair labor practices in the private sector—to include any Indian tribe or any enterprise or institution owned and operated by an Indian tribe and located on its Indian lands (in addition to existing exclusions for the federal government, states and political subdivisions, Federal Reserve Banks, and Railway Labor Act employers). It also adds definitions of (1) "Indian tribe" as any federally recognized tribe, band, nation, pueblo, or other organized Indian group or community eligible for federal programs and services; (2) "Indian" as any member of an Indian tribe; and (3) "Indian lands" as all lands within any Indian reservation, lands held in trust by the United States for an Indian tribe or individual Indian or subject to federal restrictions against alienation, and lands in Oklahoma within boundaries of a former reservation of a federally recognized tribe. (Thus, such tribal entities are exempt from NLRA coverage.)