H.R. 2590 — Mental and Physical Health Care Comorbidities Act of 2025

This section establishes a five-year Medicare demonstration program, from October 1, 2025, through September 30, 2030, to test innovations by eligible hospitals (i.e., high-quality, low-cost hospitals serving vulnerable communities) in treating applicable individuals (i.e., Medicare beneficiaries with or at risk of mental and physical health comorbidities) and addressing their social determinants of health. Participating hospitals must submit Secretary-approved plans detailing evidence-based innovations, target populations, community partners (e.g., federally qualified health centers, local governments), expected cost reductions and outcome improvements (including for minorities and non-medical expenditures), quality metrics, and evaluation methods; enter agreements with annualized payment arrangements (e.g., lump sums, capitation, or risk-based); supplement (not supplant) existing activities; and participate in a Secretary-established learning collaborative to share best practices. The program requires the Secretary to identify, validate, and disseminate effective practices improving care and outcomes while assisting in potential Medicare and Medicaid payment reforms (e.g., care coordination, mental health homes).