H.R. 28 — Protection of Women and Girls in Sports Act of 2025

This section amends Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 (20 U.S.C. 1681)—which prohibits sex discrimination in education programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance—by establishing that it is a violation for recipients to permit males, as determined solely by reproductive biology and genetics at birth, to participate in athletic programs or activities designated for women or girls (including any provided conditional on participation with an athletic team). It permits males to train or practice with such programs if no female is deprived of a roster spot, participation opportunity, scholarship, admission, or other benefit. (As background, Title IX applies to admissions at specified higher education institutions but more broadly to other program aspects.) The section further directs the Comptroller General to study benefits to girls from single-sex sports—including psychological, developmental, participatory, and sociological harms from male participation such as displacement, lost scholarships, or a hostile environment—and submit a report to the House Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions.