H.R. 3580 — Oversight of Medicare Billing Code Cost Act

This section directs the Inspector General of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to conduct a comprehensive study of Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) processes for adding, modifying, and removing Medicare billing codes (i.e., under Medicare Part B's physician fee schedule) and to submit a report to Congress within 12 months of enactment containing the results—covering data considered, trends in codes, high-growth areas or specialties, and CMS monitoring of outcomes and costs—along with recommendations to improve transparency and oversight. The section further requires the HHS Secretary, beginning June 1, 2025, to submit annual reports to Congress and post them on the CMS website listing any billing codes added during the prior year, including associated Medicare volume and expenditures.