H.R. 4324 — One Subject at a Time Act

This section requires that each bill or joint resolution (1) embrace no more than one subject, (2) clearly and descriptively express that subject in its title, and (3) for appropriations bills, contain no general legislation or non-germane change of existing law, except for provisions imposing limitations on the expenditure of appropriated funds.

This section establishes enforcement rules for violations of the single-subject and title requirements of section 2 by voiding noncompliant provisions of Acts or joint resolutions as follows: (1) voids the entire Act or joint resolution if its title addresses two or more unrelated subjects; (2) voids any provision concerning a subject not clearly and descriptively expressed in the title of an otherwise single-subject Act; (3) voids any provision of an appropriations Act outside the jurisdiction of the relevant subcommittee of the House or Senate Committee on Appropriations; and (4) voids any general legislation or change-of-existing-law provision in an appropriations Act that is not germane to the bill's subject matter. The section further authorizes any aggrieved person or any Member of Congress aggrieved by their chamber's noncompliance to bring a cause of action against the United States—regardless of amount in controversy—for declaratory judgment and further necessary relief (including injunctions against enforcement of noncompliant laws) under 28 U.S.C. §§ 2201-2202, with de novo judicial review.