H.R. 4417 — Mobile Cancer Screening Act

This section states congressional findings on cancer prevalence and screening needs, including that 2,000,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with cancer each year; lung cancer caused 127,070 deaths in 2023, with only 4.5% of eligible individuals screened in 2022; mobile cancer screening units have increased access to screenings such as for breast and lung cancer; and only 26.6% of lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage, when the five-year survival rate is 63%.

This section establishes a grant program, administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), under which the Secretary awards grants, contracts, or cooperative agreements of up to $2 million to eligible entities—nonprofit hospitals, federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), academic health centers, health systems, or consortia thereof—to establish new mobile cancer screening units that expand access to screening services in rural and underserved areas. Awards prioritize applicants with the greatest potential to reduce patient mortality and address screening gaps for high-risk individuals, those serving underserved populations (e.g., rural areas or Indian Health Service service areas), and those offering comprehensive follow-up care for abnormal findings within 90 minutes by ground transportation; requires a 1:3 nonfederal matching requirement; directs HRSA to report to Congress within four years of enactment on patients screened (de-identified by demographics), program impacts, and recommendations; and authorizes $15 million annually for FY2027 through FY2031.