H.R. 5180 — To amend the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2000 to modify and extend the annual report on military and security developments involving the People's Republic of China.

This section extends the requirement for the Secretary of Defense's annual report to Congress on military and security developments involving the People's Republic of China through submission by January 31, 2030 (from January 31, 2027) and modifies the matters to be included in the report by (1) adding nuclear and drone development cooperation to the assessment of PRC security partnerships; (2) adding foreign farmland acquisitions to the assessment of Chinese overseas investments or projects; (3) adding the likely role of Chinese cyber capabilities in a conflict with the United States to the assessment of PRC military-to-military engagements; (4) expanding the assessment of PRC efforts to acquire advanced technologies to explicitly include biotechnology and other advanced and emerging technologies; and (5) requiring an assessment of the likely strategic intent of the People's Liberation Army in a conflict over Taiwan, including how the PRC would conduct a cyber-enabled economic warfare campaign, a cross-strait invasion campaign, or a blockade campaign. (As background, the report—commonly known as the China Military Power Report—provides Congress with an annual unclassified assessment of PRC military capabilities, strategy, and security activities.)