H.R. 653 — Protect Minors from Medical Malpractice Act of 2025

This section establishes a private right of action against a medical practitioner who performs a gender-transition procedure on an individual under 18 years of age in circumstances involving interstate or foreign commerce (e.g., travel, payments, communications, or use of instruments that have traveled in commerce), making the practitioner liable for any physical, psychological, emotional, or physiological harms to the individual from the procedure, related treatment, or aftereffects. An injured individual (or representative, including a legal guardian) may bring a civil action in federal court not later than 30 years after the individual turns 18 for declaratory or injunctive relief, compensatory damages, punitive damages, and attorney's fees and costs.

This section prohibits the Department of Health and Human Services from providing any federal funding to any state that requires medical practitioners to perform gender-transition procedures on individuals in the state.

This section establishes definitions for purposes of the Act, including (1) biological sex as the genetic classification of an individual as male or female based on the organization of the body for a reproductive role or capacity (e.g., sex chromosomes, naturally occurring sex hormones, and internal and external genitalia present at birth), without regard to the individual's subjective sense of identity; (2) gender-transition procedure as the prescription or administration of puberty-blocking drugs, cross-sex hormones, or surgery to change an individual's body to conform to a subjective sense of identity at odds with the individual's biological sex (with exceptions for inherently ambiguous biological sex characteristics, treatment of complications from such procedures, or procedures necessary to prevent imminent death or major bodily impairment); and (3) medical practitioner as a person licensed, certified, or otherwise authorized by state law to administer health care.