H.R. 6572 — Launching X–Labs for Breakthrough Science Act

This section establishes the X-Labs Initiative within the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to provide long-term competitive institutional awards to eligible entities for breakthrough biomedical research and related R&D facilities. Awards use a new "XL-series" activity code across NIH institutes and centers and fall into four categories: (1) XL01 funding for basic science institutions, providing stable support with minimal reprogramming ($5 million to $50 million annually for 7 years, renewable once for another 7 years subject to competitive review, appropriations, and a renewal cap); (2) XL02 funding for developing scientific resources such as datasets or tools, with defined deliverables (same amounts and terms as XL01); (3) XL03 funding for nonprofits regranting to U.S.-based research teams, projects, or initiatives unlikely to receive traditional NIH grants, using innovative selection and evaluation methods and requiring public summaries within one year (same amounts and terms as XL01); and (4) XL04 funding for planning new institutions eligible for the other categories ($1 million to $5 million annually for 1 to 3 years, non-renewable). Award recipients of XL01, XL02, or XL03 funding may not receive other federal research grants (except training grants) during the award period; NIH may terminate awards early for non-compliance, ineligibility, or unmet deliverables.