H.R. 775 — No Net Gain in Federal Lands Act of 2025

This section establishes a no net gain policy prohibiting the Secretaries of the Interior and Agriculture from acquiring more acres of federal land (including waters and interests therein) in a state during a fiscal year than are disposed of in that state, applied separately to fee title interests and lesser interests (e.g., easements, mineral interests). It requires each Secretary to conduct an annual inventory and determination of federal land acreage by state and in aggregate (categorized by interest type), with a report due to the President and Congress by September 30 each year. If acquisitions exceed disposals in a state, the President must convey sufficient federal land to that state within 24 months to achieve compliance, and such conveyance is not a major federal action under section 102(2)(C) of the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (i.e., exempt from environmental impact statement requirements). (Thus, the policy limits federal land expansion and mandates offsetting disposals to states when exceeded.) It defines "federal land" broadly to include certain leased or encumbered non-federal lands (with specified exclusions, such as tribal trust lands) and applies to the states and District of Columbia.