S. 1165 — Strengthen American Competitiveness Against Harmful Subsidies Act of 2025

This section directs the United States Trade Representative, in coordination with specified interagency entities—(1) the Department of State’s Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs; (2) the United States and Foreign Commercial Service of the Department of Commerce (established under 15 U.S.C. 4721, which promotes U.S. exports and protects business interests abroad); (3) the International Trade Administration of the Department of Commerce (other than the Commercial Service); (4) the Foreign Agricultural Service of the Department of Agriculture; (5) the Small Business Administration; and (6) other agencies as determined by the President—to regularly monitor industrial subsidies provided by the People’s Republic of China and plans to implement new subsidies or expand existing ones.

This section directs the United States Trade Representative (USTR), in coordination with specified federal entities—including the Bureau of Economics and Business Affairs of the Department of State, the United States and Foreign Commercial Service of the Department of Commerce (which promotes U.S. exports, particularly by small- and medium-sized businesses), other Commerce Department units, the Small Business Administration, and the Departments of Labor, Transportation, and Energy—not later than one year after enactment of this Act and annually thereafter, to submit to the Senate Committee on Finance and the House Committee on Ways and Means a report identifying current and expected industrial subsidies provided by the People's Republic of China that pose significant risk to U.S. employment (including in strategically critical industries) and manufacturing (including of strategically critical goods), along with recommended legislative, administrative, or other actions to mitigate such risks. The report uses defined terms including "strategically critical good" (i.e., any material, product, or item of supply whose absence would significantly affect U.S. national or economic security and critical infrastructure) and "strategically critical industry" (i.e., an industry critical to U.S. national or economic security, considering key technology focus areas and critical infrastructure).