S. 1331 — Quantum National Security Coordination and Competition Act of 2025

This section requires the Secretary of Defense, not later than 180 days after enactment, to establish or designate within the Department of Defense the Office of Quantum Capabilities and Competition to lead all Department quantum technology efforts relating to research, development, application, and policy for quantum sensing, quantum computing, and quantum communications, as well as other appropriate quantum efforts. The Office's primary mission is to coordinate, lead, and direct such efforts to advance Department research; develop expertise for U.S. national security capabilities; pursue a competitive advantage over other countries; and enable real-world applications by the Department or other national security entities. This section further directs the Secretary, acting through the Office, to regularly coordinate quantum efforts with other federal departments and agencies and to establish within the Office the Quantum Coordination Office for National Security to liaise, share expertise, coordinate, and deconflict with other U.S. government entities on quantum science, technology, and research. This section also requires the Secretary to submit to the appropriate congressional committees (i.e., specified Armed Services, Intelligence, Foreign Relations/Affairs, and Homeland Security/Governmental Affairs committees of the Senate and House) a classified report on national security quantum capabilities and competition not later than one year after enactment and not less frequently than triennially thereafter. Each report covers (1) the state of current DoD quantum efforts (with sections on sensing, computing, and communications); (2) quantum efforts of adversarial/competitor countries and other advanced countries (with similar sections); (3) U.S. capability comparisons; (4) assessments of capabilities versus China, Russia, and Iran, including potential uses in conflicts or hybrid warfare; and (5) short-term (3 years) and long-term (10 years and beyond) U.S. pathways to compete and outpace others. The initial report includes an annex on quantum communications covering current U.S. national security capabilities, comparisons to China, Russia, Iran, and others, and immediate (2 years) and long-term (10 years and beyond) plans to close gaps and outpace such countries.