S. 1475 — Clean Cloud Act of 2025

This section states congressional findings that data centers account for approximately 1% of global electricity demand and 4% of U.S. electricity use (projected to reach 12% by 2028 due to growing information technology and artificial intelligence demand, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic); proof-of-work cryptocurrency mining is energy-intensive, with U.S. Bitcoin mining network hashrate increasing 739% from September 2020 to January 2022 and comprising the largest global share as of July 2021; there is limited transparency on energy sources for domestic cryptomining and data center operations; and retired or retiring fossil fuel plants are being reactivated to power them, increasing carbon emissions.

This section requires the EPA Administrator, in conjunction with the EIA Administrator, to annually collect information on electricity consumption from owners of covered facilities—defined as data centers or cryptomining facilities with more than 100 kilowatts of installed information technology nameplate power, including federally owned facilities in the United States and its territories—and from electric utilities serving those facilities. From covered facility owners, the agencies must collect (1) facility location (including balancing authority area), type, owner, serving utility (if any), total annual electricity consumption, behind-the-meter electricity consumption and its generation sources by percentage (e.g., wind, solar), power purchase agreement terms, and other relevant information; from electric utilities, the agencies must collect (1) covered facilities' annual grid electricity consumption and its generation sources by percentage, electric rates by consumer class for the current year and prior three years, and other relevant information. For grid electricity resource mix calculations, the agencies must use the average mix of serving utilities except where covered facilities demonstrate qualifying power purchase agreements or energy attribute certificates tied to new assets (operational within 36 months of facility startup), assets preventing retirement without public funds, curtailed power, recent uprates, pre-enactment agreements, or retrofits reducing greenhouse gas emissions intensity.

This section establishes a severability clause, providing that if any provision of the Act or its amendments, or its application to any person or circumstance, is held unconstitutional, the remainder of the Act and its amendments, and their application to other persons or circumstances, shall not be affected.