S. 1866 — SCREENS for Cancer Act of 2025

This section states congressional findings regarding breast and cervical cancer incidence and the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP). The findings specify that in 2025, there will be more than 319,750 new cases of invasive breast cancer and nearly 43,000 deaths, and about 13,360 new cases of invasive cervical cancer and 4,320 deaths; that since 1991, NBCCEDP has screened over 6.4 million low-income, uninsured, or underinsured women across all states, territories, and select tribes—providing over 16.5 million exams that diagnosed nearly 80,000 invasive breast cancers, over 25,000 premalignant breast lesions, 5,300 invasive cervical cancers, and over 248,000 premalignant cervical lesions (38% high-grade)—along with public education, outreach, patient navigation, and care coordination; and that reauthorizing NBCCEDP will expand services to screen more individuals and diagnose cancers earlier.

This section revises the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program, which provides CDC grants to states for breast and cervical cancer screening, diagnostics, and related services for low-income, uninsured women, as follows: (1) in section 1501(a) (42 U.S.C. 300k(a)), revises authorized grant purposes to emphasize prevention alongside detection and control, simplifies follow-up services requirements, adds new purposes to enhance support activities (e.g., patient navigation and evidence-based screening strategies), reduce disparities in incidence and mortality, and improve equitable access by addressing barriers, and strikes subsection (d); (2) in section 1503(a) (42 U.S.C. 300m(a)), replaces requirements that states expend at least 60% of grant funds on screening services (including mammography and Pap smears) and limit other services to 40%, with a requirement to provide screening and diagnostic services consistent with evidence-based recommendations, strikes former paragraphs (2) and (4) specifying examination procedures and timelines, and strikes subsection (d) on waivers for up to five states; (3) in section 1508(b) (42 U.S.C. 300n–4(b)), changes the Secretary's reporting to Congress from annually beginning one year after the 2007 reauthorization to every five years beginning two years after enactment of this Act, updates the relevant committee to Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (from Labor and Human Resources), and bases reports on the preceding two fiscal years for the first report and preceding five fiscal years thereafter (from preceding fiscal year); and (4) in section 1510(a) (42 U.S.C. 300n–5(a)), authorizes $235 million for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2030.

This section directs the Comptroller General of the United States to report to the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions and the House Committee on Energy and Commerce by September 30, 2027, on the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program—which provides breast and cervical cancer screenings to low-income, uninsured women—including (1) an estimate of the number of eligible individuals, (2) trends in the number of individuals served, and (3) factors driving those trends, including barriers to accessing screenings.