S. 2165 — 3D Printed Gun Safety Act of 2025

This section sets forth congressional findings on the public safety risks of 3D-printed firearms and parts, including their potential to evade metal detectors, lack of serial numbers that hinders tracing (with ATF processing 639,295 trace requests in 2024), and increased access for prohibited persons via online schematics; cites examples such as the 2013 Santa Monica College shooting involving a self-made gun, 407 ghost guns recovered in Washington, DC, in 2023, and 46,037 interstate-trafficked guns identified by ATF from 2017 to 2021; and states that prohibiting distribution of certain 3D printing code is necessary to address these threats without regulating programmers' First Amendment rights.

This section establishes a new prohibition in 18 U.S.C. §922(aa) making it unlawful for any person to intentionally distribute over the internet or World Wide Web digital instructions—such as Computer Aided Design (CAD) files or other code—that can program a three-dimensional printer or similar device to produce a firearm or to complete a firearm from an unfinished frame or receiver.