S. 2433 — Neonatal Care Transparency Act of 2025

This section states congressional findings on variations in U.S. hospitals' capacities and practices for resuscitating premature infants—including forgoing intensive care before 22 weeks gestation at some facilities while providing it to nearly all live-born infants at others—and the need for obstetric and neonatal transparency and parental consent to ensure optimal outcomes.

This section establishes public disclosure requirements for hospitals and obstetric practitioners regarding policies on providing life-saving care to infants born prematurely. Specifically, it (1) requires each hospital to publicly disclose its policy, including whether it sets a minimum gestational age for such care, whether decisions are made on a case-by-case basis, and the process for transferring the infant and mother to the nearest facility with a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) if the hospital lacks capacity; and (2) requires each obstetrician or other practitioner providing obstetric services to disclose, at a patient's first prenatal visit, the policy of any hospital at which the practitioner has admitting privileges, including the same elements with transfer processes adjusted for the practitioner's facility.

This section requires Medicare-participating hospitals, beginning January 1, 2026, to satisfy the disclosure requirement under section 3(a) of the Neonatal Care Transparency Act of 2025 and to require each practitioner providing obstetric services at the hospital to satisfy the disclosure requirement under section 3(b) of such Act.

This section prohibits federal matching payments under Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) for medical assistance furnished by a hospital or a health care provider offering obstetric services that does not satisfy disclosure requirements under section 3 of the Neonatal Care Transparency Act of 2025. The prohibition takes effect 180 days after enactment.