S. 2927 — Mobile Cancer Screening Act

This section states congressional findings concerning cancer prevalence and screening, including that 2,000,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with cancer each year; lung cancer caused 127,070 deaths in 2023, with only 4.5% of eligible individuals screened in 2022; mobile cancer screening units increase access to essential screenings such as for breast and lung cancer; and only 26.6% of lung cancer cases are diagnosed at an early stage, when the five-year survival rate is 63%.

This section establishes a grant program, administered by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), to support new mobile cancer screening units that expand access to cancer screening services in rural and underserved areas. Eligible entities include nonprofit hospitals, federally qualified health centers (FQHCs), academic health centers, health systems, and consortia thereof; awards are limited to $2 million each and may fund vehicle purchases, imaging technology, digital tools, and other essential startup or operational costs (requires 1:3 nonfederal matching funds). The Secretary must prioritize applicants addressing high mortality and screening gaps for high-risk individuals, serving underserved populations (e.g., rural areas, Indian Health Service areas), and offering comprehensive follow-up care for abnormal findings within 90 minutes by ground transportation. Authorizes $15 million for FY2027 through FY2031 and requires a report to Congress four years after enactment detailing de-identified patient screening data (disaggregated by race, ethnicity, age, sex, geography, disability, and other factors), impacts on screening rates and outcomes, and program recommendations.