S. 3120 — Ensuring Predictable and Reliable Water Deliveries Act of 2025

This section requires the Secretary of State, not later than 180 days after enactment and annually thereafter, to submit to the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations and House Committee on Foreign Affairs a report on Mexico's water deliveries under the 1944 U.S.-Mexico Water Treaty (Treaty relating to the Utilization of Waters of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande). The report must include (1) a determination of whether Mexico delivered at least 350,000 acre-feet of water to the United States in the preceding calendar year; (2) an assessment of Mexico's capability to deliver 1,750,000 acre-feet by the final year of each five-year delivery cycle under the treaty; and (3) identification of significant Mexican economic sectors or activities dependent on U.S. water deliveries to Mexico or the treaty's six Rio Grande tributaries. If the report includes a negative determination under (1), the President must deny all non-treaty requests by Mexico (i.e., emergency requests for special Colorado River water deliveries to Tijuana via International Boundary and Water Commission minutes, such as Minute 327 (2022)) and may limit or terminate U.S. engagement with Mexico related to the identified sectors, except engagement to counter fentanyl, precursors, xylazine, or other synthetic drugs. These limitations do not apply to a non-treaty request if the Secretary certifies to the committees, every 120 days, that the water will address an ecological, environmental, or humanitarian emergency (not municipal, industrial, normal supply, infrastructure, or maintenance needs) and fulfillment is vital to U.S. national interests.