S. 3180 — Protecting Our Courts from Foreign Manipulation Act of 2025

This section establishes transparency requirements and prohibitions on foreign third-party litigation funding in all civil actions by adding a new section to Chapter 111 of title 28, United States Code. It defines "foreign person" as any non-United States person (as defined in 50 U.S.C. 1801) excluding foreign states and sovereign wealth funds (i.e., investment funds owned or controlled by a foreign state or its agencies or instrumentalities); requires parties and counsel to disclose to the court, other parties, the Attorney General, and the Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General for National Security the identity of any such foreign person, state, or sovereign wealth fund with a contingent right to payment based on the action's outcome (or a portfolio matter involving the same or affiliated counsel), to produce related agreements, and to certify whether funding is sourced from such entities (with disclosures due no later than the later of 30 days after the agreement or the filing date, or 30 days after later joinder); and mandates supplementation or correction of incomplete or inaccurate disclosures within 30 days of discovery. It further prohibits parties and counsel from entering agreements granting contingent payment rights to foreign states or sovereign wealth funds.

This section directs the Attorney General to submit to the Senate and House Committees on the Judiciary, not later than one year after enactment and annually thereafter, a report on foreign third-party litigation funding activities in federal courts. The report must include, if applicable—(1) identities of foreign third-party litigation funders, including names, addresses, and citizenship or country of incorporation or registration; (2) identities of foreign persons, foreign states, or sovereign wealth funds (as defined in section 2 of this Act) that sourced such funding; (3) judicial districts involved; (4) estimates of total foreign-sourced funding amounts, including by country of origin; and (5) summaries of subject matters of funded civil actions.