S. 3275 — Humanoid ROBOT Act of 2025

This section defines terms used in the Act, including: (1) artificial intelligence, as given in section 5002 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401); (2) country of concern, as given in section 4872 of title 10, United States Code; (3) covered entity, meaning the government or political party of a country of concern, a foreign entity of concern, a Chinese military company operating in the United States, or an entity headquartered in, subject to the jurisdiction of, or owned or controlled by such an entity; (4) executive agency, as given in section 133 of title 41, United States Code; and (5) humanoid robot, meaning an autonomous or semi-autonomous AI-powered machine with a human-like body structure capable of human tasks and natural language communication.

This section prohibits the head of an executive agency from entering into or renewing a contract to procure or obtain a humanoid robot designed, tested, developed, or manufactured by a covered entity. It further prohibits a contractor from using such a robot to fulfill an executive agency contract. The Secretary of Defense may waive either prohibition if the robot is required for national security objectives or research purposes. The prohibitions apply 180 days after enactment, and not later than that date, the Federal Acquisition Regulatory Council must amend the Federal Acquisition Regulation to implement them, including by requiring prime contractors to incorporate the prohibitions into subcontracts relating to humanoid robots.

This section expands the scope of covered transactions subject to review by the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to include any investment—without regard to whether it results in control—by an entity organized under the laws of, or otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of, a covered nation (as defined in 10 U.S.C. 4872) or an entity owned or controlled by, or under common ownership or control with, such an entity, in a U.S. business that designs, tests, develops, or manufactures humanoid robots (as defined in section 2 of the Humanoid Robotics Oversight and Blocking of Obtainment from Totalitarians Act of 2025), subject to regulations. (CFIUS reviews foreign investments in U.S. businesses for national security risks.) It applies such review to transactions proposed or pending on or after enactment and requires parties to submit mandatory declarations for these transactions.

This section directs the Secretary of Defense, not later than one year after enactment, to submit to specified congressional committees (i.e., the Senate Committees on Commerce, Science, and Transportation; Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs; Armed Services; and Select Committee on Intelligence; and the House Committees on Energy and Commerce; Foreign Affairs; Armed Services; and Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence) an unclassified report, with a classified annex if necessary, on national security threats posed by humanoid robots developed and used for civilian and military purposes in countries of concern. The report must include (1) analyses of manufacturing ecosystems and People's Liberation Army military-civil fusion efforts in such countries, export control circumvention and intellectual property theft by such countries, privacy and data security threats to U.S. persons' data, and economic espionage risks from robots designed, tested, developed, or manufactured by covered entities; (2) recommendations to strengthen export controls and address such risks through administrative and legislative action; and (3) other relevant information.