S. 376 — Expanded Food Safety Investigation Act of 2025

This section establishes new FDA authority under section 425 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to request access to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs, as defined in 40 C.F.R. §122.23(b)) for microbial sampling of plants, animals, water, and the environment when necessary to investigate foodborne illness outbreaks, determine outbreak root causes, or address other public health needs. CAFOs must grant reasonable access subject to reasonable conditions on time, place, and manner that do not prevent timely sampling; the authority does not impose requirements beyond sampling on foods under USDA jurisdiction (i.e., meat, poultry, eggs) and requires FDA to share data with USDA and relevant public health agencies. This section also adds a new prohibited act under section 301(jjj) for refusing such access.