S. 4139 — Baltic Security Assessment Act of 2026

This section expresses the sense of Congress that (1) supporting and strengthening the security of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania (the Baltic countries) is in the U.S. national security interest; (2) continuing to strengthen and update the U.S.-Baltic security cooperation roadmap is critical amid ongoing threats from Russia, including its war in Ukraine that began on February 24, 2022; (3) the Baltic countries are valued NATO members contributing to collective security; and (4) improved U.S.-Baltic economic ties, including to counter economic pressure from China, strengthen the strategic partnership.

This section directs the Secretary of State, in coordination with the Secretary of Defense, to submit to the appropriate congressional committees (i.e., Senate and House committees on foreign relations/affairs, armed services, and appropriations)—not later than 180 days after enactment—a report on (1) emerging military, cyber, hybrid, and political threats to the Baltic countries; (2) the roles of Russia, Belarus, China, Iran, and other malign actors in advancing such threats; (3) the current posture and presence of U.S. and NATO forces in the Baltic region to deter such threats; (4) recommendations for strengthening the deterrence posture, cybersecurity infrastructure, and democratic resilience of the Baltic countries; and (5) opportunities to enhance bilateral and multilateral defense cooperation between the U.S. and the Baltic countries, including through the Baltic Security Initiative. The report must be submitted in unclassified form but may include a classified annex.