S. 4243 — No Nuclear Weapons for Saudi Arabia Act of 2026

This section expresses the sense of Congress that the United States should not approve a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia until the Government of Saudi Arabia renounces uranium enrichment and reprocessing on its territory and agrees to an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).

This section establishes U.S. policy (1) to oppose, through the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), the sale of nuclear technology to Saudi Arabia until the government of Saudi Arabia renounces uranium enrichment and reprocessing on its territory as part of a civilian nuclear cooperation agreement with the United States; and (2) to seek modification of NSG guidelines on nuclear technology transfers as applied to Saudi Arabia until Saudi Arabia renounces enrichment and reprocessing on its territory. (The NSG is a multilateral export control regime comprising 48 participating governments that seeks to prevent nuclear proliferation by regulating civilian nuclear exports.)

This section requires, for any civilian nuclear cooperation agreement (i.e., Section 123 agreement) with Saudi Arabia to enter into effect, (1) submission by the President of the proposed agreement in accordance with Section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153); (2) concurrent submission of a presidential report detailing Saudi Arabia's renunciation of, or commitment in the agreement to renounce, uranium enrichment and reprocessing on its territory, and whether Saudi Arabia has agreed to an Additional Protocol with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); and (3) enactment of a joint resolution, on or after such submission, stating that Congress favors the agreement. (Thus, the provision changes the standard congressional review process—under which a Section 123 agreement enters into force unless Congress enacts a joint resolution of disapproval—into one requiring affirmative congressional approval specifically for Saudi Arabia.)