S. 789 — Critical Minerals Security Act of 2025

This section establishes definitions for terms used in the section, including "covered nation," "critical mineral," "foreign entity of concern," "rare earth elements" (i.e., cerium, dysprosium, erbium, europium, gadolinium, holmium, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, praseodymium, promethium, samarium, scandium, terbium, thulium, ytterbium, and yttrium), "Secretary" (of the Interior), and "United States person," and requires the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and heads of other relevant federal agencies, to submit to Congress biennial reports—not later than 1 year after enactment and every 2 years thereafter—on global critical mineral and rare earth element resources (including recyclable materials). Each report must assess (1) resources controlled by foreign entities of concern (through ownership, contract, or influence), by the United States or allies/partners, or by others, including reasons for lack of commercial mining; (2) for mines producing significant quantities (as of 1 year before report date), annual output, remaining reserves, operators, beneficial owners, and access shares; (3) for other mines, aggregate output, reserves, and foreign entity of concern access; (4) key foreign entities of concern and U.S./ally entities in mining, plus feasibility of mining untapped resources; (5) collaboration opportunities with host countries; (6) forced divestitures from regulatory rulings by covered nations; (7) covered nation government purchases of divested entities; and (8) takeovers of operations by covered nations or their entities. Reports must be unclassified but may include classified annexes. This section further directs the Secretary, in consultation with the Secretary of State, to establish within 1 year of enactment a process for United States persons to notify the federal government of planned divestitures of stock in critical mineral or rare earth element mining, processing, or recycling operations.